Background: Family planning is an essential component of reproductive health and contributes to prevention of unintended pregnancies, improved maternal and child health, and informed reproductive decision-making. Nursing students are future healthcare professionals and should possess adequate knowledge of temporary, permanent, and emergency contraceptive methods.

Objectives: To assess knowledge regarding temporary, permanent, and emergency family planning methods among undergraduate nursing students.

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 51 third-year Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Nursing students at Sister Nivedita University Nursing Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal. Participants were selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of demographic items and 35 knowledge-related items on family planning methods. Descriptive statistics, including frequency and percentage, were used for data analysis.

Results: Most participants were aged 18–21 years (76.5%), Hindu by religion (96.1%), and belonged to nuclear families (88.2%). Knowledge regarding temporary and permanent family planning methods was predominantly average, reported by 80.0% and 84.3% of students, respectively. However, knowledge regarding emergency family planning methods was poor among 56.9% of participants. Good knowledge was observed among 11.8% for temporary methods, 13.7% for permanent methods, and only 3.9% for emergency methods.